本文由 UniWriterPro 學術規例研究組 verify · Last updated: 2026-08-29 · 本文係按 HKU Regulations for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy、HKU Academic Registry Oral Assessment、PolyU RPg Handbook Section 10 及 10.4、PolyU ELC Preparing for the Oral Defence、CUHK Graduate School Code of Practice (TPg Studies)、CityU SGS After Oral Defense、HKUST CSE PhD Thesis Proposal Requirement、HKUST CE FYP Guideline 2025-26 逐條解讀。冇公開文件嘅位一律標「搵唔到官方文件」，唔搬其他學校套用。
Viva 準備最常見嘅錯誤，係當佢做一個 presentation 去練。你練足十次 slides，examiner 第一條問題就唔喺 slides 裡面——因為官方規例從來冇要求你 present 得好，只要求你「satisfy the examiners」。分別喺邊，本文由官方條文開始拆。
如果覺得太難，都可以搵我哋代做服務，幫你手做dissertation 同準備答辯： 碩博士 論文代寫與研究支援
目錄
- 邊個層級才有 viva — 官方定義只講一層
- 官方 pass 條件只有一句：satisfy the examiners
- Viva 準備第一步 — 由 BoE 名單反推問題
- Viva 準備第二步 — Opening 講稿嘅五個 slot
- Viva 準備第三步 — Methodology defence 四條必答
- Viva 準備第四步 — 主動標出自己最弱嘅三至五個位
- Viva 準備第五步 — Contribution 同 limitation 點答
- Authorship：AI 時代新增嘅一層，其實係 viva 最原始嘅功能
- 口試之後 — 四個 outcome 同你當日要記嘅嘢
- Taught master 同 FYP 層嘅 oral presentation 唔同喺邊
- 官方文件搵唔到嘅位
- FAQ — 常見問題
邊個層級才有 viva — 官方定義只講一層
先講清楚層級，因為好多人搜「viva 點準備」但其實自己讀嘅唔係 viva。港大教務處嘅 oral assessment 頁講得最白：
A viva voce is the Latin name for oral examination, often given for a university examination with spoken questions and answers. It is usually used to describe the oral examination at a postgraduate level, conducted after the submission of the thesis for a research degree to ensure that the candidate knows enough about the subject to make it at least plausible that the dissertation is his own work.
HKU Academic Registry, Oral Assessment
留意最後半句——官方定義本身就寫明 viva 嘅功能係驗證「呢篇係唔係你寫」。唔係考你口才，唔係考你 slides 靚唔靚。呢句係你之後每一步準備嘅判斷標準：任何準備動作如果唔能夠幫你證明「我真係搞得清自己做過乜」，就係浪費時間。
實際上香港有三層唔同嘅口頭評估，唔可以混淆：
第一層：MPhil／PhD（research postgraduate）。呢層係真正嘅 viva voce，強制、有 external examiner、有正式 outcome。理大 RPg Handbook 寫得最直接：
On completion of an approved programme of study and research, an RPg student must submit a thesis to PolyU (which must be before the end of his/her maximum period of study) and defend it in an oral examination.
PolyU RPg Handbook, Section 10 — Thesis Submission and Oral Examination
第二層：Taught doctoral（例如 EdD、DBA 類）。中大研究院嘅 Code of Practice (TPg Studies) 5.1 明文：
Students of taught doctoral programmes are required to submit a thesis and pass an oral examination for graduation.
CUHK Graduate School, Code of Practice (TPg Studies), s.5.1
第三層：Taught master dissertation 同本科 FYP。呢層一般叫 oral presentation 或者 project defence，唔叫 viva，制度上亦唔一樣（詳見下面Taught master 同 FYP 層那節）。如果你讀嘅係 taught master，你要查嘅係你 programme handbook，唔係研究院嘅 RPg 條文——兩者條文唔通用。
官方 pass 條件只有一句：satisfy the examiners
港大 PhD 規例 PHD1 定義學位授予條件，其中一項就係口試：
Such a degree shall be awarded to a candidate who … satisfies the examiners in an oral examination (and any other examination if required) in matters relevant to the subject of the thesis.
HKU, Regulations for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, PHD1
再睇 PHD14，佢明確咁分開「考論文」同「考人」兩件事：
A candidate shall be examined by examiners appointed for this purpose both on the thesis itself, and at an oral examination on the subject of the thesis and/or the approved course of study and research.
HKU, Regulations for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, PHD14
兩條加埋嘅意思：論文寫得好唔等於口試過，口試係一場獨立評核。而且範圍比你想像闊。中大 COP 7.7 講到底線：
The oral examination covers not only the subject matter of the student’s thesis but also knowledge in related fields deemed essential to the field of specialisation.
CUHK Graduate School, Code of Practice (TPg Studies), s.7.7
呢句改變你嘅準備範圍：唔止讀返自己論文，還要讀返你領域裡面「理應識」但你論文冇 cover 嘅基本嘢。最典型嘅失手位——你用 SEM 但答唔出 SEM 同 regression 嘅前提分別；你做 thematic analysis 但講唔出佢同 grounded theory 嘅界線。呢啲問題唔喺你論文裡面，但完全喺 7.7 嘅範圍內。
Viva 準備第一步 — 由 BoE 名單反推問題
Viva 準備嘅第一個動作唔係開 PowerPoint，係搞清楚邊幾個人會坐喺你對面。理大 Section 10.4 對 BoE 出席要求寫得非常具體：
The oral examination is compulsory. … The oral examination, which usually lasts for about 2 hours, shall be conducted by the BoE. The BoE Chair must participate in the oral examination in person. The PolyU Chief Supervisor must participate in the oral examination in person. … Both examiners must participate in the oral examination. At least one of them shall attend the oral examination in person and the other one may attend the oral examination either in person or via online means.
PolyU RPg Handbook, Section 10.4
中大 COP 7.5 就寫明 Thesis Assessment Committee 嘅組成，包括一句好多學生忽略嘅安排：
Chairperson – the Head of the Graduate Division or his/her representative with an academic title of Associate Professor or above at CUHK. The Supervisor/Co-supervisor should NOT serve as the Chairperson of the Committee.
CUHK Graduate School, Code of Practice (TPg Studies), s.7.5
即係主持人唔係你 supervisor。呢件事嘅實際後果：你 supervisor 幫唔到你控場。你唔可以靠「佢知我意思」呢種默契過關，每一句都要對一個唔熟你 project 嘅人講得清。
時間上你有幾多 buffer？中大 COP 7.7 明文「The Graduate Division will inform the student of the details of the oral examination at least one week in advance」。即係最壞情況你只有七日。所以名單一到手就要即刻做嘢，唔可以等。
拿到名單之後做三件事。理大語言中心嘅官方準備清單直接叫你做第一件：
Find out the research interests of the panel; they may ask about these areas. Anticipate likely questions. Remember questions you are asked in meetings; they may come again.
PolyU ELC, Preparing for the Oral Defence
具體做法：
- 逐個 examiner 讀近三年三篇 paper。唔使讀全文，讀 abstract 同 method section。你要搵嘅係佢慣用邊套方法——因為人問問題係由自己嘅框架出發。用 qualitative 出身嘅 examiner 見到你成篇 regression，第一條問題大概係「why not interviews」。
- 翻返 supervisor meeting 記錄，抄出佢問過但你當時答唔靚嘅問題。ELC 明講呢啲問題會再嚟。如果你冇記錄，翻 email。
- 睇你論文有冇引 panel 成員嘅 paper。有就要準備解釋你點用佢；冇而佢又係該領域嘅人，就要準備解釋為何冇引——呢條係最典型嘅開場攻擊。
Viva 準備第二步 — Opening 講稿嘅五個 slot
幾乎所有口試都由你講開始。理大 Section 10.4 對長度有明文：
a 30-minute (max. 40-minute) full oral presentation by the examinee to the BoE and others in attendance
PolyU RPg Handbook, Section 10.4
各校長度唔一樣，理大 RPg 係 30 分鐘（上限 40），其他院校要睇自己 handbook。內容結構方面，理大 ELC 直接列出應該包含乜：
Almost every Defence begins with a request to give an overview of your study. … These include a description of why the problem was important, and how it arose, what others have done, the methodology used, the results of your investigation, and the contribution to knowledge, and any implications for the future.
PolyU ELC, Preparing for the Oral Defence
呢句其實已經係一份現成大綱。拆成五個 slot，每個 slot 一句話講完，然後才補細節：
- 問題為何重要、點嚟。一句話講出現實後果或者理論缺口。唔好由「近年來隨着科技發展」開始，呢種開場立即令 examiner 覺得你冇 focus。
- 別人做過乜、做到邊。呢個 slot 唔係列 literature，係講「現有研究停喺邊」。如果你講到呢度變成報書名，即係你 literature review 本身太描述性——同一個病喺 viva 會放大十倍，因為你冇時間 list。點由 author-driven 改成 theme-driven，可以睇我哋寫過嘅literature review 太 descriptive 點改。
- 你用咩方法、為何係佢。重點喺後半句。方法本身 examiner 睇論文已經知，佢想聽嘅係選擇理由。
- 你搵到乜。兩至三個 finding，唔好把所有 sub-finding 都講。多過三個，examiner 記唔住，只會記得你講得亂。
- 貢獻同 implication。一句 contribution、一句 so-what。詳細留返答問。
ELC 對排練亦有具體建議：「Practice giving an outline of your research, focusing on clarity and coherence」，同埋「If it is possible, check out the room or venue where the defence will be held. Acquaint yourself with the layout and the data equipment you will use for your presentation.」呢兩句唔係廢話——線上口試嘅版本就係提早試 screen share 同 backup 檔案。
Viva 準備第三步 — Methodology defence 四條必答
先誠實講一句：冇任何香港院校公開過 viva 問題清單，我哋搵唔到官方文件列出必問題目。所以以下四條唔係官方題目，係由官方結構反推——理大 Section 10.4 明文口試包含「an open question period」同「a session involving further discussion between the examinee and the BoE」，而 ELC 明文叫你「Anticipate likely questions」。方法選擇係論文裡面唯一每個 examiner 都有資格挑戰嘅位，所以壓力必然集中喺呢度。
第一條：Why this design and not the obvious alternative。你要準備嘅唔係「我用 survey 因為方便」，而係「我用 survey 因為我要 test 一個已有理論嘅 generalisability，而 interview 答唔到 generalisability 呢個問題」。答案要由你嘅 research question 推出嚟，唔係由資源限制推出嚟。資源限制係 limitation，唔係 justification。方法點由 question 反推，我哋喺研究方法點揀那篇拆過整個推導鏈。
第二條：你自己知唔知 sample／data 嘅邊界。Examiner 唔係想聽你講你 sample 完美，係想確認你知佢唔完美。標準答法係兩截：先講邊界（我 sample 全部係香港私立院校在職學生），再講因此 claim 收窄到邊（所以我唔 claim 全港學生，只 claim 在職進修人口）。主動收窄 claim 係最有效嘅防守。
第三條：Validity 同 reliability 你點處理。量化就要答得出你用咩指標同 threshold 嚟自我檢查、為何用呢個；質性就要答得出 coding 點做、有冇第二 coder、分歧點解決。呢條答唔出，examiner 會直接懷疑你有冇親手做過分析。
第四條：如果重做你會改乜。呢條係送分題，但答錯就好傷。答「冇嘢改」= 你冇反思能力；答「乜都改」= 你唔信自己個研究。正確係一至兩項具體改動加理由，而且改動唔可以推翻你嘅 finding。
如果你到咗呢一步發現自己答唔出第三條——即係分析部分你自己都講唔清——咁問題唔喺口試，喺論文本身。我哋嘅thesis 支援服務入面有一份 Viva 準備包，做法就係先揀出你論文最容易被 challenge 嘅三至五個位，再逐條寫答法框架，唔係派一份通用問題清單。
Viva 準備第四步 — 主動標出自己最弱嘅三至五個位
要知邊個時段最危險，先睇理大 Section 10.4 對口試分段嘅明文規定：
The oral examination comprises the following parts where the sequence is to be determined by individual BoE: a closed session in which the BoE holds a preliminary discussion in the examinee’s absence; a 30-minute (max. 40-minute) full oral presentation by the examinee to the BoE and others in attendance; an open question period, involving the BoE member and others in attendance. Questions from the floor must be addressed through the BoE Chair, who will exercise discretion on the appropriateness of a question to be put forward to the examinee; a session involving further discussion between the examinee and the BoE …; a closed session, in which the BoE assesses the thesis and the examinee’s performance in the examinee’s absence; a closed session, in which the BoE informs the examinee of the BoE’s recommendations.
PolyU RPg Handbook, Section 10.4
| 段落 | 你需要做嘅事 | 壓力來源 |
|---|---|---|
| 閉門預備討論（你唔在場） | 唔關你事，唔使猜 | 零 |
| 你嘅 oral presentation | 五個 slot 講完，守時 | 低（可以完全預備） |
| Open question period | 答場內問題，問題要經 Chair 過濾 | 中（問題被過濾成「合適」問題） |
| Further discussion with BoE | 同 examiner 直接來回 | 最高（冇過濾、會追問） |
| 閉門評核（你唔在場） | 等 | 零 |
| 閉門告知 recommendation | 逐條記錄要求改乜 | 低但最易漏 |
睇清楚就明：真正決勝喺 further discussion，唔喺 presentation。Open question period 嘅問題要經 BoE Chair 判斷「appropriateness」才轉去你——即係有人幫你擋一層。Further discussion 冇呢層保護，而且係 examiner 追問到底嘅時段。
所以準備方式要反過來：唔係練順嘅位，係練最唔順嘅位。動作如下。
- 自己列三至五個「如果我係 examiner 我會由呢度插」嘅位。通常係：sample size、某個變數嘅 operationalisation、某段 literature 明顯薄、finding 同 literature 相反但你冇解釋、limitation 寫得太籠統。
- 每個位寫兩句版本。第一句 concession（承認邊部分係真限制），第二句 defence（所以我點處理／所以我 claim 收窄到邊）。兩句都要背到熟，因為壓力下人會只講其中一句——只講 concession 就變自認唔夠，只講 defence 就變死撐。
- 找人做一次真實壓力測試。唔係同 supervisor 練，因為佢會客氣。找一個唔熟你 topic 但識研究方法嘅人，叫佢唔停追問「why」三層。三層之後你仲答得出，就穩。
Viva 準備第五步 — Contribution 同 limitation 點答
Contribution 呢條問題幾乎必問，而最常見嘅失敗答法係複述 finding。Finding 係「我發現 A 同 B 有關」，contribution 係「因為我發現 A 同 B 有關，現有嘅 X 理論／實務做法要改邊一點」。中間必須有一個「所以」。
準備方法：逐條寫一句「我之前，文獻認為 ；我之後，文獻應該改成 」。寫唔出就代表你 discussion 章節只係重複 results——呢個係最常見嘅結構問題，我哋喺Discussion 重複 Results 點改拆過點樣把 results 推上 discussion 層。Viva 會直接暴露呢個問題，因為 examiner 一定會問「so what」。
Limitation 方面，答法有一條硬規矩：每一個 limitation 後面都要跟一個 claim 收窄，唔可以講完就停。「我 sample 只有 120 人」唔係答案；「我 sample 只有 120 人，所以我做嘅係 exploratory 而唔 claim effect size 嘅精確估計」才係答案。前者係認錯，後者係劃界。
如果 examiner 追問「咁你點解唔加大 sample」，答案唔可以係時間唔夠。要答成研究設計取捨：加大 sample 需要跨院校 access，而跨院校 access 涉及另一輪 ethics approval，會令研究範圍變成另一個 project——即係你知條件、知代價、知邊界。
Authorship：AI 時代新增嘅一層，其實係 viva 最原始嘅功能
好多人以為「口試驗證作者身份」係 ChatGPT 之後才有嘅事。其實唔係。港大 PhD 規例 PHD13 對提交論文嘅要求：
A candidate shall submit sufficient copies of his/her thesis for examination … together with a written declaration that the thesis represents the candidate’s own work.
HKU, Regulations for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, PHD13
再加返本文開頭引嘅港大 oral assessment 頁——viva 存在嘅原因就係「to ensure that the candidate knows enough about the subject to make it at least plausible that the dissertation is his own work」。即係書面 declaration 加口頭驗證，呢個雙層設計早於 AI 存在。AI 只係令第二層變得更受重視。
講清楚我哋嘅立場：我哋唔會教你點樣令 AI detector 過關，亦唔會教你點樣改寫去避 similarity。Viva 呢個場合根本冇技巧可言——冇任何寫法可以令你答得出一條你唔明嘅問題。唯一有效準備就係你真係搞得清自己份嘢。
實務上要準備嘅係「解釋鏈」，即係你每個決定嘅理由你講得出：
- 每個方法決定，講得出當時嘅替代方案同放棄理由。呢個係最難假嘅一層，因為佢要求你記得「冇做嘅選擇」。
- 每個數字，講得出佢由邊個檔案、邊個步驟出嚟。Examiner 隨機挑一個 table 問你點跑出嚟，你要答得出軟件、步驟同 output 位置。
- 保留 draft 演化痕跡同 supervisor 往來記錄。唔係為了交上去，係為了你自己記得整個過程係點推進。
- 如果你有用 generative AI 做任何一環，declaration 要按你所屬院校要求填。各校要求唔同，我哋整理過香港各大學 GenAI 政策同 declaration 要求，另外Turnitin AI Score 同 declaration 點對應亦有拆解。如果你已經收到 AI Score 相關質疑，我哋AI 偵測誤判嘅處理指引講咗應該保留咩過程證據。
順帶講一個結構性事實：口頭驗證嘅比重全球都喺上升。愛爾蘭高等教育界喺 2025 年底提出嘅建議書就主張院校設立全校層級嘅口頭核實機制，並且明講口頭核實嘅結果應該優先於書面成品（見 The Irish Times 報道，屬新聞來源、唔係香港院校文件，只作趨勢參考）。喺呢個方向下，「一份你答得出嘅論文」同「一份寫得靚嘅論文」唔再係同一回事。呢點對你點樣安排整個論文過程有直接影響——中途每一章都要留下你自己嘅理解，唔可以等到口試前才補。
口試之後 — 四個 outcome 同你當日要記嘅嘢
好多人以為口試完就完。理大 Section 10.4 列出 BoE 必須向研究院提出嘅建議，一共幾個 case：
be awarded the degree of MPhil, PhD [i.e., “Straight Award” case]; or be awarded the degree of MPhil/PhD subject to minor amendments being made to the thesis or an additional assignment being completed to the satisfaction of the BoE Chair or his/her nominee by a specified date but normally within a period not longer than three months [i.e., “Minor Amendment” case]; or be required to revise and resubmit the thesis and/or to attend another oral examination and/or other form of examination (a student is limited to one opportunity of re-examination within 12 months) [i.e., “Major Amendment” case]; or (for PhD examination only) be awarded the degree of MPhil and no resubmission be permitted [i.e., “Relegated to MPhil” case]
PolyU RPg Handbook, Section 10.4
港大 PHD16A 嘅寫法唔同但邏輯一樣：可以要求你改完再交而唔使重考、可以要求你改完再交並且再考一次、可以只要求你再考一次。城大就寫明 minor revision 嘅安排同時限：
Students, who are required to make minor revisions to their thesis but have satisfied all other academic requirements may be recommended for the award, subject to re-submission of the thesis after making minor revisions by the deadline set by the Examination Panel. … If a student is required to submit a revised thesis, the Panel should set a deadline for resubmission not exceeding 12 months from the date of the oral examination.
CityU SGS, After Oral Defense
城大亦明文寫咗重考安排：「A student must pay a re-examination fee to sit for a second oral defense」，而且「The Examination Panel for the re-examination should be the same as that for the first examination, unless otherwise recommended by the College/School」——即係同一批人。所以第一次口試被指出嘅問題，第二次一定會再問。
時間感方面，港大醫學院嘅 RPg FAQ 講得最實在：
Examiners are given six weeks to review your thesis. … The correction period is determined by the TEC Chairman and can be a few months. … Completion of the oral exam alone does not mean you have graduated.
HKUMed, MPhil/PhD FAQ
所以口試當日最重要嘅一個動作，其實喺最後一段：BoE 閉門告知 recommendation 嘅時候，逐條寫落紙。唔要靠記憶，唔要靠之後嘅正式信——正式信通常只寫 outcome 類別，具體要改乜好多時只喺口頭講一次同散落喺 examiner report。當場問清楚三件事：邊幾章要改、deadline 幾時、改完交去邊。
如果你收到 minor amendment 但改動主要係語言、format 同 reference 一致性，呢類工作外包最安全，因為唔涉及內容判斷——可以睇我哋嘅proofreading 同修改服務。至於論文層面嘅結果同補救路線，我哋喺論文唔過關之後嘅處理寫過本科層嘅版本，邏輯可以參考。
Taught master 同 FYP 層嘅 oral presentation 唔同喺邊
本科 FYP 嘅口頭環節喺結構上同 viva 差得好遠。科大土木及環境工程學系嘅 FYP Guideline 寫得夠具體，可以做參照：
Towards the end of spring semester, you will be required to make a presentation on your project/thesis to a panel and other students. This is a formal opportunity to report to your project/thesis supervisor, second reader and peers on your project/thesis. … 1 student per project/thesis: Presentation 12 min, Question & Answer 8 min.
HKUST CE, FYP Guideline 2025-26
同一份文件亦寫明評核方式：「The deliverables and presentation are evaluated by your project/thesis supervisor, panel members and the communication tutor in four areas」，其中「Communication – Presentation (PO9)」佔 15%。
三個關鍵分別：
- 長度。科大 CE 本科層係 12 分鐘 presentation 加 8 分鐘答問；理大 RPg viva 係 30 分鐘 presentation，整場約兩小時。準備量差幾倍。
- 評核性質。本科層 presentation 係一個佔比嘅 component（科大 CE 該項 15%），唔係 pass／fail gate。RPg viva 係學位授予條件本身（港大 PHD1）。
- 有冇 external examiner。本科層由 supervisor、panel member 同 communication tutor 評；RPg 層必須有 external（理大明文兩位 examiner 都要參與、中大明文 doctoral 程度 external 出席強制）。
Taught master dissertation 呢一層最含糊：我哋搵唔到官方文件統一規定 taught master dissertation 一定要 oral。中大 COP 6.1 只講評核方式「may take various forms: class work, written work, laboratory performance, field work, research papers, assignments, tests, oral defence, and any other method of academic assessment」——即係 oral defence 係其中一個可能選項，唔係硬性要求。實際有冇、幾長、佔幾多分，要睇你 programme handbook 或者 subject description form，唔可以搬 RPg 條文套上去。
如果你係本科生想搞清 FYP 整體結構同時間表，可以由FYP 係咩、幾多字、做幾耐開始；proposal 階段嘅答辯（科大 CSE 明文 PhD proposal 要「defend the proposal at a public oral examination」，本科層通常只係 supervisor 面談）就睇FYP proposal 四段 workflow。
官方文件搵唔到嘅位
以下幾樣係學生最常問但我哋喺官方文件層面搵唔到嘅，唔會幫任何學校估數：
- Viva 問題清單。搵唔到官方文件。冇院校公開題庫，網上流傳嘅「必問 20 條」全部係第三方整理，唔係規例。
- Viva 通過率。搵唔到官方文件。香港各校都冇公開口試 outcome 分佈。任何講「XX 大學 viva 過率 XX%」嘅來源，我哋核唔到。
- 可以帶咩入場。搵唔到規例層面條文。理大 ELC 有建議「Have a working copy of your thesis in a loose-leaf binder」同「Have divider labels for each chapter with summary notes taped to each divider」，但呢啲係語言中心建議，唔係考試規例。實際要問你 BoE Chair 或者學系。
- 學生本人可否線上出席。理大 Section 10.4 詳細寫咗 examiner 同 supervisor 嘅線上出席條件，但學生本人可否線上，我哋喺該節搵唔到明文。要向自己學系確認。
- 衣著。理大 ELC 有寫「Decide exactly on what to wear to the Defence」同「Your clothes should reflect the statement that you are ready and professional」，屬建議性質，冇任何院校有 dress code 條文。
另外一個要誠實標明嘅位：本文引到條文嘅係港大、理大、中大、城大四間，加上科大兩份系級文件（CSE PhD proposal、CE FYP guideline）。浸大、教大、嶺大、都大嘅口試條文我哋今次冇逐條核，所以本文唔用「八大」框架，唔會把上述四間嘅安排講成全港通用。你讀邊間就要查邊間嘅 handbook。
FAQ — 常見問題
Q1. Viva 係唔係只有 PhD 才有？
唔止。港大教務處講明 viva voce 一般用嚟形容 research degree 提交論文後嘅口試，所以 MPhil 同 PhD 都有。Taught doctoral 亦有：中大 COP 5.1 明文「required to submit a thesis and pass an oral examination for graduation」。Taught master 同本科 FYP 就一般叫 oral presentation，制度上唔同，詳見Taught master 同 FYP 層。
Q2. 口試一般幾長？
睇院校同層級。理大 RPg 明文「usually lasts for about 2 hours」，其中 presentation 佔 30 分鐘（上限 40）。科大 CE 本科 FYP 係 12 分鐘 presentation 加 8 分鐘答問（一人一組）。其他院校要睇自己 handbook——我哋唔會用理大數字代表全港。
Q3. 我幾時會知道口試日期同 examiner 名單？
中大 COP 7.7 明文「The Graduate Division will inform the student of the details of the oral examination at least one week in advance」——即係最少一星期前。上游時間表就長得多：港大 PHD12 要求你最少喺預計提交日前三個月遞交 notice of intention；理大明文 external examiner 有六星期讀論文。所以由你交 notice 到口試，通常以月計，但名單細節可能好遲才到。
Q4. Examiner 會唔會問論文以外嘅嘢？
會，而且係明文授權。中大 COP 7.7：「covers not only the subject matter of the student’s thesis but also knowledge in related fields deemed essential to the field of specialisation」。港大 PHD14 亦寫「on the subject of the thesis and/or the approved course of study and research」。所以準備範圍要包括你領域嘅基本方法論知識，唔止你自己章節。
Q5. Supervisor 會唔會喺場幫我？
會喺場但幫唔到你答。理大明文 Chief Supervisor 必須親身出席，但同時明文寫咗 supervisor 同 co-supervisor 冇投票權。中大 COP 7.5 更明文 supervisor 唔可以做 Committee 主持。所以唔要指望 supervisor 幫你補充或者控場。
Q6. 有人可以旁聽嗎？
理大明文限制：「Only PolyU academic and research staff, RPg students and invited departmental guests of the host Department concerned will be allowed to attend oral examination」，而 BoE Chair 可以要求未經授權人士離場。所以家人朋友一般唔可以入。其他院校要自己查。
Q7. 口試完就即刻知結果嗎？
你會即場聽到 BoE 嘅建議——理大明文最後一段係「a closed session, in which the BoE informs the examinee of the BoE’s recommendations」。但建議唔等於正式結果：港大醫學院 FAQ 明文「Completion of the oral exam alone does not mean you have graduated」，之後仲要 Board of Examiners 批、研究院發成績信、你改完論文、supervisor 確認。
Q8. Minor amendment 同 major amendment 差幾遠？
理大明文分得好清：minor 係「minor amendments … by a specified date but normally within a period not longer than three months」；major 係「revise and resubmit the thesis and/or to attend another oral examination … (a student is limited to one opportunity of re-examination within 12 months)」。城大亦明文 resubmission deadline「not exceeding 12 months from the date of the oral examination」。即係 minor 以月計、major 以年計，而且 major 可能要再口試一次。
Q9. 用過 generative AI 幫手，口試會被特別問嗎？
我哋搵唔到官方文件講 viva 會特別針對 AI 提問。但兩件事係明文：港大 PHD13 要求你提交論文時附上「a written declaration that the thesis represents the candidate’s own work」；港大教務處亦寫明 viva 存在嘅原因就係確認論文係你自己嘅工作。所以無論你用過咩工具，口試考嘅都係同一樣嘢——你講唔講得出每個決定嘅理由。各校 declaration 要求見GenAI 政策整理。
Q10. 我論文係搵人幫手起草，口試點算？
直接答：口試冇捷徑。冇任何寫法可以幫你答一條你唔明嘅問題，所以稿件必須跟你嘅理解走，唔可以擺完就等口試。我哋做法係逐章交、每章附方法選擇同數據處理嘅理由說明，令你有嘢可以講得出；到臨近口試才出 Viva 準備包，先標你論文最易被 challenge 嘅三至五個位。你想理解一個服務值唔值得信，可以先睇我哋寫嘅論文服務點揀。
口試考嘅唔係你份稿，係你答唔答得出
兩小時、兩位 external、Chair 唔係你 supervisor、問題範圍包埋你領域嘅基本方法論——口試真正壓力唔喺 presentation，喺 further discussion 段追問到底嘅時候。如果你到今日仲答唔出「為何用呢個 design 而唔用另一個」、「呢個 table 點跑出嚟」，咁問題唔喺練台風，喺論文本身冇留下你自己嘅理解。
UniWriterPro 提供由 human writer 起草嘅Thesis 代寫同FYP 代寫，逐章交、每章附方法選擇同數據處理嘅理由說明，臨近口試再出 Viva 準備包同答法框架。
先發 assignment brief 或 course outline 我 quote —— 唔啱 timeline 我唔會硬啃你單。
相關文章：方法選擇係口試被 challenge 最多嘅位，可以先睇研究方法點揀同Discussion 重複 Results 點改；Literature review 太描述性喺口試會放大，見Literature review 太 descriptive 點改。Declaration 同 AI 相關要求見香港各大學 GenAI 政策整理同Turnitin AI Score 指引。想比較論文服務點揀，見論文服務點揀。 如果份嘢仲有兩個禮拜就要交，就要睇吓論文剩兩星期